現代人一大堆的文明病,這邊痛那邊不舒服,每週到醫院診所報到,居然變成稀鬆平常的事。想要活得健康長壽有品質,我們可以學習日本江戶時期就有的「健康十訓」。
這十條健康長壽的生活智慧,是由「横井也有」(よこ-い-や-ゆう)先生所提出,你沒看錯,他的名字真的是「也有」!這位江戶中期的武士兼俳句作家,生歿年是西元1702~1783年,在平均壽命據說是30~40歲的江戶時期,他老人家能夠活到81歲,身體力行的結果,算是非常有說服力!
以我們台灣人來看這「健康十訓」,漢字意思一看就懂,因此這一篇是「日語詳解版」!阿哲在每一條後面都附加整理了日語注釋,並加以說明單字或是文法,讓大家在實踐健康生活之餘,順便一起學習日語喔~
一、少肉多菜(しょう-にく-た-さい)
→「お肉ほどほど、野菜たっぷり、健康もりもり」
這邊可以學到三個副詞:
◆ほどほど:不要過度地,適量地
◆たっぷり:充分地、滿滿地
◆もりもり:旺盛地、迅速膨脹地

中文的意思是:
「適當地吃肉、攝取大量的蔬菜,讓你健康滿滿~」
二、少塩多酢(しょう-えん-た-さく)
→「塩分摂りすぎは高血圧のもと、酢は健康のもと」
◆摂(と)ります:攝取
◆過(す)ぎます:
這個單字有「通過」、「超過」等等許多的意思,而當我們想要表達某動作、某事項太「過於」原本的程度時,不寫漢字而只用平假名,並根據下面各種不同的詞性來變換:
動詞 | 飲みます→飲みすぎます |
い形容詞 | おいしい→おいしすぎます |
な形容詞 | 静か→静かすぎます |
名詞 | 美人→美人すぎます |
◆摂りすぎ:攝取過多(動詞去掉ます轉為名詞)
◆もと:根本、源頭

中文的意思是:
「攝取過多的鹽分是高血壓的主因,醋卻是健康的根本。」
三、少糖多果(しょう-とう-た-か)
→「甘いものは果物から、砂糖は肥満への直通切符」

中文的意思是:
「要吃甜的請從水果攝取,糖是肥胖的直通車票喔~」
這句話應該要tag一下所有愛吃糖的台南人…XD
四、少食多噛(しょう-しょく-た-ぎょう)
→「腹八分目に医者要らず、よく噛んで食べましょう」
◆腹八分目:吃八分飽
◆要らず:不需要,要(い)ります的否定形
◆噛(か)んで:咀嚼,噛(か)みます的て形變化

中文的意思是:
「吃八分飽就不需要醫生,記得吃東西要好好咀嚼喔」
五、少衣多浴(しょう-い-た-よく)
→「薄着で風呂好きの人は、健康を身につけている人」
先瞭解「身につける」有下列兩種用法:
1、服を着ること→穿衣服。
2、知識や技術、習慣などを自分のものとすること。→將知識、技術、習慣等變成自己所擁有的。

中文的意思是:
穿薄衣而喜歡沐浴泡澡的人是「把健康變成自己所擁有的」人。
六、少言多行(しょう-げん-た-ぎょう)
→「ぺらぺら喋るより、行動を開始せよ」
◆ぺらぺら(常表記成ペラペラ):
說話流暢快速,或是輕佻地隨便說出。
◆喋(しゃべ)る:
偏向於形容說話快速(喋喋不休的感覺)
◆せよ:
比「しろ」、「しなさい」語氣更強烈,要對方絕對服從的命令,常用在軍隊、警察,例如:
- 出席せよ。
- 前進せよ。
- 攻撃せよ。

中文的意思是:
「與其天花亂墜說一大堆,還不快點給我開始行動!」
七、少欲多施(しょう-よく-た-し)
→「自分の欲望のために走らず、他人のために走れ」
◆走(はし)ります:奔走、奔跑
◆走らず:走(はし)ります的否定形
◆走れ:走(はし)ります的命令形
◆~ために:為了…(有下列的用法)
1、動詞「辞書形」+ために:
→良い大学に入るために、朝から晩まで勉強します。
(為了就讀好的大學,從早到晚努力讀書)
2、動詞「ない形」+ために:
新型コロナを感染しないためにマスクを着用してください。
(為了不感染新型冠狀病毒,請戴口罩)
3、名詞+の+ために
→家族のために、働いています。
(為了家人而工作)

中文的意思是:
「不要為了自己的私欲奔走(努力),而是要為了他人奔走(努力)。」
八、少憂多眠(しょう-ゆう-た-みん)
→「くよくよするより、たっぷり寝たほうがいい」
◆くよくよ:形容心神不寧、煩惱的樣子
◆たっぷり:滿滿地、充分地
◆動詞た形+ほうがいい:建議做某動作比較好
→渋滞を回避するために、電車で行ったほうがいいです。
(為了避免塞車,最好搭電車前往比較好)

中文的意思是:
「與其心神不寧、一直煩惱,倒不如(充分地)睡個好覺。」
九、少憤多笑(しょう-ふん-た-しょう)
→「怒った時でもにこにこしていれば、忘れてしまう」
◆にこにこ:笑嘻嘻的樣子
◆にこにこしている:總是保持著笑容
◆~ば形:如果…就…
不同動詞有以下不同變化:
第1類動詞 | 書きます→書けば |
第2類動詞 | 受けます→受ければ |
第3類動詞 | 来ます→来れば します→すれば |
◆動詞て形+しまう:
加強語氣敘述某種極致的狀態
例如:疲れます→疲れて+しまいます
「疲れました」表示累了
「疲れてしまいました」表示累得精疲力盡

中文的意思是:
「生氣時如果也能夠保持笑容的話,(生氣的事)就能忘得一乾二淨。」
十、少車多歩(しょう-しゃ-た-ふ)
→「車は確かに早いけれども、歩けば健康への近道」
◆確かに:的確是
◆けれども:表「語氣的轉折」,雖然…但…
◆歩けば:歩(ある)きます的假設→如果走路的話

中文的意思是:
「開車的確是很快沒錯,但如果走路的話,卻是通往健康的捷徑。」
以上就是「健康十訓」日語詳解版,為了你我健康的生活,也請大家可以多多分享給親朋好友~

★歡迎加入社團,接收阿哲最新文章★
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