現代人一大堆的文明病，這邊痛那邊不舒服，每週到醫院診所報到，居然變成稀鬆平常的事。想要活得健康長壽有品質，我們可以學習日本江戶時期就有的「健康十訓」。
這十條健康長壽的生活智慧，是由「横井也有」(よこ-い-や-ゆう）先生所提出，你沒看錯，他的名字真的是「也有」！這位江戶中期的武士兼俳句作家，生歿年是西元1702～1783年，在平均壽命據說是30～40歲的江戶時期，他老人家能夠活到81歲，身體力行的結果，算是非常有說服力！
以我們台灣人來看這「健康十訓」，漢字意思一看就懂，因此這一篇是「日語詳解版」！阿哲在每一條後面都附加整理了日語注釋，並加以說明單字或是文法，讓大家在實踐健康生活之餘，順便一起學習日語喔～
一、少肉多菜（しょう-にく-た-さい）
→「お肉ほどほど、野菜たっぷり、健康もりもり」
這邊可以學到三個副詞：
◆ほどほど：不要過度地，適量地
◆たっぷり：充分地、滿滿地
◆もりもり：旺盛地、迅速膨脹地
中文的意思是：
「適當地吃肉、攝取大量的蔬菜，讓你健康滿滿～」
二、少塩多酢（しょう-えん-た-さく）
→「塩分摂りすぎは高血圧のもと、酢は健康のもと」
◆摂（と）ります：攝取
◆過（す）ぎます：
這個單字有「通過」、「超過」等等許多的意思，而當我們想要表達某動作、某事項太「過於」原本的程度時，不寫漢字而只用平假名，並根據下面各種不同的詞性來變換：
| 動詞 | 飲みます→飲みすぎます |
| い形容詞 | おいしい→おいしすぎます |
| な形容詞 | 静か→静かすぎます |
| 名詞 | 美人→美人すぎます |
◆摂りすぎ：攝取過多（動詞去掉ます轉為名詞）
◆もと：根本、源頭
中文的意思是：
「攝取過多的鹽分是高血壓的主因，醋卻是健康的根本。」
三、少糖多果(しょう-とう-た-か）
→「甘いものは果物から、砂糖は肥満への直通切符」
中文的意思是：
「要吃甜的請從水果攝取，糖是肥胖的直通車票喔～」
這句話應該要tag一下所有愛吃糖的台南人…XD
四、少食多噛(しょう-しょく-た-ぎょう）
→「腹八分目に医者要らず、よく噛んで食べましょう」
◆腹八分目：吃八分飽
◆要らず：不需要，要（い）ります的否定形
◆噛（か）んで：咀嚼，噛（か）みます的て形變化
中文的意思是：
「吃八分飽就不需要醫生，記得吃東西要好好咀嚼喔」
五、少衣多浴（しょう-い-た-よく）
→「薄着で風呂好きの人は、健康を身につけている人」
先瞭解「身につける」有下列兩種用法：
1、服を着ること→穿衣服。
2、知識や技術、習慣などを自分のものとすること。→將知識、技術、習慣等變成自己所擁有的。
中文的意思是：
穿薄衣而喜歡沐浴泡澡的人是「把健康變成自己所擁有的」人。
六、少言多行（しょう-げん-た-ぎょう）
→「ぺらぺら喋るより、行動を開始せよ」
◆ぺらぺら（常表記成ペラペラ）：
說話流暢快速，或是輕佻地隨便說出。
◆喋（しゃべ）る：
偏向於形容說話快速（喋喋不休的感覺）
◆せよ：
比「しろ」、「しなさい」語氣更強烈，要對方絕對服從的命令，常用在軍隊、警察，例如：
- 出席せよ。
- 前進せよ。
- 攻撃せよ。
中文的意思是：
「與其天花亂墜說一大堆，還不快點給我開始行動！」
七、少欲多施(しょう-よく-た-し）
→「自分の欲望のために走らず、他人のために走れ」
◆走（はし）ります：奔走、奔跑
◆走らず：走（はし）ります的否定形
◆走れ：走（はし）ります的命令形
◆～ために：為了…（有下列的用法）
1、動詞「辞書形」＋ために：
→良い大学に入るために、朝から晩まで勉強します。
（為了就讀好的大學，從早到晚努力讀書）
2、動詞「ない形」＋ために：
新型コロナを感染しないためにマスクを着用してください。
（為了不感染新型冠狀病毒，請戴口罩）
3、名詞＋の＋ために
→家族のために、働いています。
（為了家人而工作）
中文的意思是：
「不要為了自己的私欲奔走（努力），而是要為了他人奔走（努力）。」
八、少憂多眠（しょう-ゆう-た-みん）
→「くよくよするより、たっぷり寝たほうがいい」
◆くよくよ：形容心神不寧、煩惱的樣子
◆たっぷり：滿滿地、充分地
◆動詞た形＋ほうがいい：建議做某動作比較好
→渋滞を回避するために、電車で行ったほうがいいです。
（為了避免塞車，最好搭電車前往比較好）
中文的意思是：
「與其心神不寧、一直煩惱，倒不如（充分地）睡個好覺。」
九、少憤多笑（しょう-ふん-た-しょう）
→「怒った時でもにこにこしていれば、忘れてしまう」
◆にこにこ：笑嘻嘻的樣子
◆にこにこしている：總是保持著笑容
◆～ば形：如果…就…
不同動詞有以下不同變化：
| 第1類動詞 | 書きます→書けば |
| 第2類動詞 | 受けます→受ければ |
| 第3類動詞 | 来ます→来れば します→すれば |
◆動詞て形＋しまう：
加強語氣敘述某種極致的狀態
例如：疲れます→疲れて＋しまいます
「疲れました」表示累了
「疲れてしまいました」表示累得精疲力盡
中文的意思是：
「生氣時如果也能夠保持笑容的話，（生氣的事）就能忘得一乾二淨。」
十、少車多歩（しょう-しゃ-た-ふ）
→「車は確かに早いけれども、歩けば健康への近道」
◆確かに：的確是
◆けれども：表「語氣的轉折」，雖然…但…
◆歩けば：歩（ある）きます的假設→如果走路的話
中文的意思是：
「開車的確是很快沒錯，但如果走路的話，卻是通往健康的捷徑。」
以上就是「健康十訓」日語詳解版，為了你我健康的生活，也請大家可以多多分享給親朋好友～
★歡迎加入社團，接收阿哲最新文章★
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